The methods for judging railway bearing damage can be summarized as follows:

1. Observation method:

Directly observe the appearance of the bearing to see if there are cracks, fragments, obvious jams, indentations, scratches, etc.

Check whether the gap between the bearing jacket and the sealing cover is too large, and whether there is grease spillage, discoloration, etc.

Pay attention to fault characteristics such as bearing outward movement, cracks, and corrosion.

In particular, when the gap between the shaft end outer ring and the two sealing covers is too large and a lot of grease spills out, it may be a sign that the bearing outer ring is cracked.

2. Listening method:

Determine the condition of the bearing by listening to the sound it makes when it is running.

A normal bearing should make a smooth and brisk sound when running. If there is an abnormal sound, such as a "Gulugulu" noise, the bearing may be damaged.

When picking up the train, the vehicle inspector should squat on both sides of the train, tilt his face toward the direction of the station (45° to the rail) to pick up the train, and listen carefully for wheel vibration and abnormal noise from the rolling bearings.

3. Touch method:

Touch the bearing shell with your hand to feel its temperature.

If the temperature of the bearing is found to be too high, it may mean that the lubrication inside the bearing is poor, or the bearing has been damaged.

For rolling bearings with wheel tread failure or other abnormal phenomena such as oil throwing, it is necessary to manually mold the bearing jacket and check whether the temperature is normal.

4. Twist method:

For rolling bearings with oil slinging phenomenon, reverse the grease state by hand.

When the bearing is damaged, the grease thrown out will be silver-gray, and there will be granular metal powder in the torsional grease. This is an important basis for judging the serious internal damage of the rolling bearing.

5. Turning method:

For rolling bearings with "listen, see, touch, and rotate" fault characteristics, a 360° forward and reverse inspection is required.

During the rotation process, listen carefully to see if there are any abnormal sounds inside the bearing, whether there is any abnormal vibration in the hand, and whether there is any jamming in forward and reverse rotation.

It can more accurately determine whether the railway bearing is damaged, and take corresponding maintenance measures in a timely manner to ensure the safe operation of railway vehicles.